Galvanized Steel: Process, Methods, Properties, and Uses

Galvanized steel is a steel that has a protective zinc coating on its outer surface. The zinc is used to increase the steel's corrosion resistance and is applied most commonly by hot dipping the steel into molten zinc. The zinc can also be annealed after the hot dipping process or electroplated to the steel. Galvanized steel can be used in a variety of applications, the only common factor being the applications needed for corrosion resistance. Galvanized steel is used in construction, aerospace, automotive, oil & gas, and many other industries.

This article will discuss what galvanized steel is, how it is made, its properties, and its uses.

What Is Galvanized Steel?

Galvanized steel is a form of standard steel in which the steel is coated in zinc to ensure enhanced corrosion resistance. This galvanized coating protects the steel substrate from damage typically caused by moisture or temperature changes. The steel is dipped into molten zinc, which then bonds itself to the steel and becomes part of its chemical composition.

How Does Galvanized Steel Differ From Regular Steel?

The main difference between galvanized steel and regular steel is the protective barrier formed by the addition of zinc to the surface of galvanized steel. This zinc makes galvanized steel much more durable, robust, and rust-resistant. Whereas galvanized steel has been coated in zinc, regular steel is predominantly made of iron which will corrode when exposed to moisture.

What Are the Chemical Properties of Galvanized Steel?

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What Are the Advantages of Galvanized Steels?

Due to the additional zinc layer of protection against many different environmental conditions, galvanized steel has a range of advantages, such as:

1. Rust Resilience: Zinc provides a protective barrier to the steel, creating a defense against oxygen, moisture, and other environmental conditions.
2. Extended Life Span: Once galvanized, a sheet of industrial steel is estimated to last over 50 years in moderate environments, and more than 20 years in environments with severe water exposure.
3. No Maintenance Required: Once dipped in zinc, galvanized steel does not require any further conversion.

4. Easy Inspection: It is possible to determine the strength of the galvanized steel just by looking at it. However, stress tests are quick and easy to perform and indicate how thick the layer of zinc is and therefore how much protection the steel has.